The most influential “organ” in the human body might be made up of foreign cells—six pounds worth of microorganisms. Katherine Pollard discusses how her lab at the Gladstone Institutes uses big data and high-performance computing to study the human microbiome and learn how it influences health and disease.
The human microbiome plays a role in processes as diverse as metabolism, immune function, and mental health. Yet despite the importance of this system, scientists are just beginning to uncover which microorganisms reside in and on our bodies and determine what functions they perform. The development of innovative technology and analytical methods has enabled researchers like Dr. Pollard to decode the complex interactions between our human cells and microbial brethren, and infer meaning from the staggering amounts of data 10 trillion organisms create.
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Rob Knight is a pioneer in studying human microbes, the community of tiny single-cell organisms living inside our bodies that have a huge — and largely unexplored — role in our health. “The three pounds of microbes that you carry around with you might be more important than every single gene you carry around in your genome,” he says.
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The link between your gut health and autoimmune diseases.
More than half your body is not human.
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"Brain-Gut Axis: The Effect of Intestinal Microbiome on Mental Health" - Dr Emily Deans
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Do our microbes affect our behavior? Harvard Health Publishing.
The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology. PMCID: PMC7758428.
The Microbiome and Aging. PMID: 31487470.
Microbes and the Mind: How Bacteria Shape Affect, Neurological Processes, Cognition, Social Relationships, Development, and Pathology. PMID: 30920916.
The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. PMC3735932.
The Effects of Stress and Meditation on the Immune System, Human Microbiota, and Epigenetics. PMID: 29306937.
Exercise Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Lean and Obese Humans. PMID: 29166320.
Gut Microbiota and Its Role in Anti-aging Phenomenon: Evidence-Based Review. PMID: 36930406.
Holistically working with the micobiome and energy medicine is a large part of future of Western medicine and will dominate in the latter 21st Century. Western medicine is just discovering the importance of the microbiome. Researchers are already finding connections between the immune response and disease. A major component of the body's immune response is generated by the microbiome. Autoimmune disorders (i.e. they can't figure it out so they use this term) are being traced to imbalances or dysfunction in the gut microbiome. He mentions the example of an incorrect mix (individualized for each person, just like holistic medicine) of microbiota species (e.g. bifidobacterium) leads to an incorrect or non-existent immune response (i.e. an "autoimmune disorder").
Note that the enteric nervous system which is the extension of the autonomic nervous system to and through the gut (i.e. it is the nervous system of the microbiota/gut) is connected to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve. Qigong directly affects the vagus nerve in a very positive way, and that's another reason why Qigong practice is so simple yet powerful.
Microbiota-gut-brain axis in health and neurological disease: Interactions between gut microbiota and the nervous system. PMID: 39300699.
Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiome, Metabolomics, Hormones, and Stress in Mental Health Disorders. PMC11394554.
Exposure to prescribed medication in early life and impacts on gut microbiota and disease development. PMCID: PMC10835216.
Our Mental Health Is Determined by an Intrinsic Interplay between the Central Nervous System, Enteric Nerves, and Gut Microbiota. PMID: 38203207.
Monitoring in vivo neural activity to understand gut-brain signaling. PMID: 33558881.
A systematic analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters in the human microbiome reveals a common family of antibiotics. PMC4164201.
Neurotransmitter modulation by the gut microbiota. PMC6005194.
Gut Bacteria and Neurotransmitters. PMCID: PMC9504309.
The role of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia. PMID: 32336581.
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Gut microbiota, pathogenic proteins and neurodegenerative diseases. PMCID: PMC9715766.
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As part of a special Osher Center 20th anniversary mini-series, we interview David Eisenberg, MD, Executive Director of the Teaching Kitchen Collaborative, Director of Culinary Nutrition at the Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health and former Director of the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital (2000-2010).
Cracking Brain Diseases from Gut Microbes-Mediated Metabolites for Precise Treatment. PMC10321288.
Gut-Brain-Microbiota Axis: Antibiotics and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. PMID: 3351379.
The Potential Effects of Radiation on the Gut-Brain Axis. The gastrointestinal microbiota can communicate with the brain via various pathways and molecules, such as the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, microbial metabolites and the immune system. This relationship has been termed the "gut-brain axis". PMID: 31898468.
Making Sense of… the Microbiome in Psychiatry. PMC6313131.
Connection between Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation Underlies Neuroprotective Mechanism of Several Phytochemicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases. PMC6196798.
Gut thinking: the gut microbiome and mental health beyond the head. PMC6282467.
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Exploring the Gut Microbiome’s Connection to Human Behavior – Lecture by Dr. John Cryan. A healthy life-style (in Daoist terms, Yang Sheng) includes the mind-body practice of Qigong, western-style exercise, proper nutrition, and healthy living habits. One of the most important notions in living a healthy life-style is understanding the key relationship between the gut microbiome and health. John F. Cryan, Ph.D., Professor and Chair of the Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience at University College Cork, in Ireland, gave a lecture, “Towards Psychobiotics: The Microbiome as a Key Regulator of Brain and Behavior,” as part of the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health’s (NCCIH) Integrative Medicine Research Lecture Series. Dr. Cryan is an internationally recognized scientist in the exciting area of the interactions between gut microbes and the brain. He works closely with gastroenterologists, microbiologists, ecologists, and behavioral scientists in studying the various interactions and biological effects of the gut microbiome on human behavior. One way that the practice of Qigong directly affects the gut microbiome is through the reduction of stress.
It's a Gut Feeling - how the gut microbiota affects the state of mind. PMC4214654.