The role of the host microbiome in autism and neurodegenerative disorders and effect of epigenetic procedures in the brain functions
Author: Bahman Yousefi1, Parviz Kokhaei2, Fatemeh Mehranfar3, Aisa Bahar4, Anna Abdolshahi5, Alireza Emadi6, Majid Eslami7
Affiliation:
1 Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
2 Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
3 Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
4 Department of Biochemistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
5 Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
6 Deputy of Research and Technology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
7 Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Electronic address: M.eslami@semums.ac.ir.
Conference/Journal: Neurosci Biobehav Rev
Date published: 2021 Nov 3
Other:
Special Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.046. , Word Count: 183
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe neurological/neurodegenerative syndrome that results in cognitive and communication disorders. The degree of dysbiosis is related to the severity of ASD signs. The gut is conferred with a variety of sensory receptors that cooperate with effector systems including the endocrine, nervous and gut immune systems of the intestine. Gut dysbiosis causes amplified inflammation, the launch of the HPA axis, changed levels of neurotransmitters and bacterial metabolites; these may donate to abnormal signaling throughout the Vagus nerve in ASD. Decreased integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier led to extreme leakage of substances as of the intestine in early life and inflammation followed by disruption of BBB integrity maybe increase the risk of ASD. Microbiota, by controlling the barrier permeability, regulate the quantity and types of bioactive materials that are transferred from the intestine to the brain. Exposure to metabolites and microbial products regulate significant procedures in the CNS, including glial cell role, myelination, synaptic pruning, and play a role in neurobehavioral, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and metabolic syndrome.
Keywords: Autism; Immune responses; Microbiota; Neurodegenerative; Neurological disorder.
PMID: 34742725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.046
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