Gut Microbes and Health: A Focus on the Mechanisms Linking Microbes, Obesity, and Related Disorders.
Author: Rastelli M1,2,3, Knauf C2,3,4,5, Cani PD1,2,3
Affiliation:
1Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
2European Associated Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France.
3European Associated Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
4Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
5Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1220, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Conference/Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring).
Date published: 2018 May
Other:
Volume ID: 26 , Issue ID: 5 , Pages: 792-800 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1002/oby.22175. , Word Count: 168
The past decade has been characterized by tremendous progress in the field of the gut microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Although numerous studies show a strong relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and specific metabolic disorders associated with obesity, the key mechanisms are still being studied. The present review focuses on specific complex pathways as well as key interactions. For instance, the nervous routes are explored by examining the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, and the brain, as well as the endocrine routes (i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, endocannabinoids) by which gut microbes communicate with the host. Moreover, the key metabolites involved in such specific interactions (e.g., short chain fatty acids, bile acids, neurotransmitters) as well as their targets (i.e., receptors, cell types, and organs) are briefly discussed. Finally, the review highlights the role of metabolic endotoxemia in the onset of metabolic disorders and the implications for alterations in gut microbiota-host interactions and ultimately the onset of diseases.
PMID: 29687645 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22175
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