Did You Ask About Abdominal Surgery or Injury? A Learned Disuse Risk Factor for Breathing Dysfunction Author: Erik Peper, PhD,1 Christopher D. Gilbert, PhD,2 Richard Harvey, PhD,1 and I-Mei Lin, PhD3 Affiliation: 1 San Francisco State University, Institute for Conference/Journal: Biofeedback Date published: 2015 Winter Other: Volume ID: 43 , Issue ID: 4 , Pages: 173-179 , Special Notes: DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-43.4.06 , Word Count: 94 Abdominal surgery or injury may affect breathing and, if the disturbed breathing pattern is maintained, illness may result, as illustrated by two case examples. This report describes the process of learned avoidance of pain through which abdominal surgery may cause dysfunctional breathing. This clinical note is a reminder to clinicians to ask about abdominal surgery or injury during the intake. In cases in which symptoms occurred months after the abdominal surgery or injury, it may be possible to reduce the symptoms through teaching effortless breathing. Keywords: abdominal surgery, respiration, diaphragmatic breathing, hyperventilation, iatrogenic disease